            ࣠ ணࠬ
          
          :    堭  ।  ࠢ   ணࠬ
          (横   室)   ᪨ ࠢ   ணࠬ
          ࣠樨.
          
          
          ------------------------------------------------------------
          
              ⮩  ਬ 믮﫨 ᫥⥫쭮 
           . , ணࠬ㥬  । 뢠 ⠪
          .  設⢮ ணࠬ ᮤঠ  横,  
          ᪮쪮        ⨦ ।
          ॡ,    ࠧ  ஢ન,  ।訥   
          ᪮쪨 ⢨  ᫥ 믮.   ॡ
             ஢ઠ   -         ணࠬ  
          믮.
              ॡ    ।  ࠢ   
          ,   室 ।⢥  믮塞
           ⥪騩  . । ࠢ  
           ।  믮  㯯    
           ७ 㦥 믮 .
                  ।  ࠢ, 
          ଠ    ᫥⥫쭮    蠣   ।⢥
          䨪樥  祭 ᬥ饭    㪠⥫. 
          ਢ    ᯮᮡ  ।  ࠢ  ( 
          ᬮ७  ⮩ ):
             
                    ᫮ 室:  JMP
                    :                 LOOP
                    ᫮ 室:     Jnnn (,,ࠢ)
                    맮 楤:      CALL
             
             ⨬,    ⨯ ᮢ: SHORT, NEAR  FAR.
           SHORT ᯮ   横, ᫮ p室
             ᫮  室.    NEAR   FAR
          ᯮ    맮  楤  (CALL)    ᫮
          室,     ,   SHORT.  
          ⨯ । ࠢ   ᮤন ॣ
          IP; ⨯ FAR ⠪  ॣ CS.
             
           JMP
          ------------------------------------------------------------
             
                筮 ᯮ㥬   । ࠢ
             JMP.    믮 ᫮
          室,  ..  ᯥ稢  ।  ࠢ  
          ⥫⢠.


          
          ᥬ  IBM PC.  7                            133


              COM-ணࠬ  .  7.1  ᯮ  JMP. 
          p AX,  BX,   CX  㦠 祭  1,   ⥬ 
          横 믮 ᫥騥 樨:
             
                    ਡ 1  ॣ AX,
                    ਡ AX  BX,
                    㤢 祭  ॣ CX.
             
          ७ 横 ਢ  㢥祭  ᮤন ॣ
          AX:  1,2,3,4...,  ॣ BX:  1,3,6,10...,   ॣ CX:
          1,2,4,8... 砫 横  ,   砥, A20: -
          稥  o砥,   ⪠ 室  楤
          (    砥  BEGIN)   ᥣ  .    横
          室 
          
                                   JMP  A20
          
           㪠뢠  ,  ࠢ   ।
           c ⪮ A20.   ,  ᭠ ⪠
           ࠭     㪠뢠  .  横
            室  ਢ  ᪮筮 믮 - ⠪
          横 筮  ᯮ.
          
          ------------------------------------------------------------
          ------------------------------------------------------------
                    .7.1. ᯮ짮  JMP.
          
               ஢   ப  :
             
                              A20:   ADD   AX,01
          
            ⤥쭮 ப:
          
                              A20:
                                     ADD   AX,01
          
               A20  㪠뢠    
          ADD.  稥  ⪥ A20  㪠뢠  ⨯ ⪨  - NEAR.
          :  ⢨      ⪥   ⮩
          訡.   襬 ਬ  A20  ᮮ⢥  -9  ⠬ 
            JMP,    祬    㡥    ꥪ⭮ 
           -  EBF7.  EB  ।⠢  ᮡ  設   
          ⪮  室  JMP,    F7  -  ⥫쭮  祭
          ᬥ饭  (-9).    JMP  ਡ  F7    
          㪠⥫  (IP),  p  ᮤন    ᫥ JMP
          (0112):
          
                                        . .
                㪠⥫:     274  112
                  JMP:      -9   F7 (筮 )
                室:          265  109
          


          
          ᥬ  IBM PC.  7                            134


           १ ᫮ 砥  室 - . 109.
          ஢    ⨭  ணࠬ,   ⭮⥫ 
          ⪨  ⢨⥫쭮 ᮮ⢥  .109. ⢥⢥
          ࠭    JMP  室  ।  ⥫
           祭.
              JMP  室   ।  -128    +127 
            ⨯   SHORT.   ᥬ      ⮬  砥
          ⮢ ࠭  ।    00   FF.  JMP,
          ॢ室  ।,  砥  ⨯ FAR,   ண
           㣮  設      塠⮢ ࠭.
          ᥬ  ࢮ  ᬮ 室  ணࠬ ।
            .  ,  JMP   
              .  ᫨     ᬮ   JMP
          ᥬ  㦥  ᫨  祭  p  (  室
          ):
                         A50:
                              ...
                              JMP  A50
             
             塠⮢ . ᫨ ᥬ  
          ᫨ 祭 ࠭ ( 室 ।)
          
                              JMP  A90
                              ...
                         A90:
          
               ⨯  室 NEAR  FAR,   ⮬᪨
            3- ⮢  .   ⮣,  ⮡ 㪠
          ᥬ  室  樨 塠⮢ ,
          ᫥ ᯮ짮  SHORT:
          
                              JMP  SHORT A90
                              ...
                         A90:
          
               ⢥    ࠦ,     ணࠬ,
          ஠ᥬ ,  ᪮  ॢ  COM-ଠ.
          ।    ॡ, ᪮ ।⢥
          ࠭      室  .  ᯮ
          ⫠稪  DEBUG    蠣  믮   COM-  
          ᬮ ᪮쪮  ७  横.    ॣ AX
          㤥 ᮤঠ 08,  BX  CX  㢥    . 24 (.
          36)    .  80  (. 128), ᮮ⢥⢥.  室 
          ⫠稪 ᯮ  Q.
          
           LOOP
          ------------------------------------------------------------
          
              JMP   ਬ  .  7.1 ॠ ᪮
          横.       ⭮  ணࠬ    믮
          । ᫮ 横.   LOOP,  㦨 
          ⮩ 楫,  ᯮ 砫쭮 祭   ॣ  CX. 
           横  LOOP ⮬᪨ 㬥蠥 ᮤন

          
          ᥬ  IBM PC.  7                            135


          ॣ  CX    1.    祭    CX    ࠢ ,
          ࠢ  ।   ,  㪠  ࠭, 
          ᫨  CX 㤥 0,  ࠢ 室    ᫥
          LOOP .
             ணࠬ  . 7.2,  ᯮ짮 
           LOOP, 믮 ⢨,  ਬ  . 7.1
            ᪫祭  ⮣,    ᫥    横 ணࠬ
          蠥.  MOV 樠 ॣ CX 祭
          10.        LOOP  ᯮ  ॣ  CX,   
          ணࠬ  㤢 砫쭮 祭 1  ॣ
          CX ᯮ DX.   JMP A20    LOOP
            䥪⨢  ADD AX,01    INC
          AX (㢥祭 AX  1).
             筮  JMP,  ࠭   LOOP ।
          ﭨ    LOOP    ⪨  A20, 
          ஥ ਡ    ᮤন    㪠⥫. 
           LOOP  ﭨ     ।   -128
           +127 . ᫨  ࠭ ॢ蠥  ࠭,  ᥬ
           뤠 ᮮ饭 "Relative jump out of range" (ॢ襭
          ࠭ 室).
                ஢ન      LOOP   ४  
          ᮮ⢥騬  ࠧ ணࠬ,  ਢ  .7.1,
          믮  ᥬ஢,    ८ࠧ 
          COM-䠩.   ஢      横 ᯮ
          ⫠稪 DEBUG.    祭 ॣ CX  㬥 
          ,  ᮤন ॣp AX, BX  DX 㤥 ᮮ⢥⢥
          .  000B,  0042   0400.   室  ⫠稪 
           Q.
             ⥫쭮   ࠧ  LOOP -
           LOOPE (  LOOPZ)   LOOPNE  (  LOOPNZ).  
          ⠪  㬥 祭  ॣ  CX  1.   LOOPE
          । ࠢ      ࠭,  ᫨  ॣ CX
           㫥  祭    䫠    ⠭ (ZF=1).
           LOOPNE । ࠢ    ࠭, ᫨
          ॣ CX   㫥 祭    䫠    襭
          (ZF=0).
          
          ------------------------------------------------------------
          ------------------------------------------------------------
                    . 7.2. ᯮ짮  LOOP.
          
           
          ------------------------------------------------------------
          
             騩 ਠ    ॡ  ⠫쭮
            䫠 ॣ஬.   p ᮤন 16
            䫠,    ࠢ ࠧ묨   
          樨 ﭨ 樨.     䫠 ࠭
           ᢮ 祭   ,   㣠   
          .  ॣ ᮤন ᫥騥  ᯮ㥬
           (窠 ⬥祭 ᯮ㥬 ):
             
                :    15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

          
          ᥬ  IBM PC.  7                            136


               :           *  *  *  *  O  D I T S Z * A * P * C
             
          ᬮਬ  䫠  ᫥⥫쭮 ࠢ .
             
             CF  (Carry  Flag)  -  䫠  ७.  ন  祭
          "७ᮢ"  (0   1)   襣 ࠧ鸞  䬥
                 ᤢ   横᪮
          ᤢ (. .12).
             
             PF  (Parity   Flag)  -  䫠  ⭮. ஢ 訥
          ᥬ  p⮢ 権  묨.  ⭮ ᫮
           ਢ  ⠭ ⮣ 䫠  0,  ⭮ -  1. 
          ᫥  䫠 ⭮  ⮬ ஫  ⭮.
             
             AF (Auxiliary Carry Flag) - ⥫ 䫠 ७.
          ⠭  1,  ᫨  䬥᪠  ਢ
             ७ ⢥⮣ ࠢ  (  3)  ॣ
           ⮢  .    䫠    ⭮襭 
          䬥᪨      ᨬ    ASCII    
           㯠 .
             
             ZF (Zero Flag)  -  䫠  . ⠭  ⢥
          १  a䬥᪨       ࠢ. 
              ࠭,  㫥  १ ਢ  ⠭
          㫥  祭  ⮣   䫠,   㫥 -   ⠭
          筮  祭.  饥   ᮮ⢥⢨  ,
          ,  ᪨  ࠢ,  ⠪   0 砥 ""
          (..  १  ࠢ ),     e ""
          (.. १ ࠢ ).  ᫮ 室 JE 
          JZ ஢  䫠.
             
             SF (SIgn Flag) -  䫠. ⠭  ᮮ⢥
          ⢨    १ (襣 )  ᫥  䬥
          ᪨ p権:  ⥫ १ ⠭ 0, 
          ⥫  -  1.    ᫮  室  JG   JL
          ஢  䫠.
             
             TF  (Trap Flag)  -  䫠 蠣 믮.  䫠
           㦥 室 ⠭,    ᯮ짮 
             ⫠稪 DEBUG.  ᫨  䫠  ⠭  
          筮 cﭨ,    室  ० 蠣
          믮   ,  ..     믮 
            짮⥫᪨ ࠢ.
             
             IF (Interrupt Flag) - 䫠 뢠.  㫥 
            ⮣  䫠  뢠  饭,    筮  -
          ࠧ襭.
             
             DF (DIrection  Flag)   - 䫠 ࠢ. ᯮ 
          ப      ।  ࠢ ।
          .  㫥 ﭨ  㢥稢 ᮤন



          
          ᥬ  IBM PC.  7                            137


          ॣ஢ SI   DI,   뢠 ।  ᫥ ࠢ,
           㫥  -  㬥蠥 ᮤন  ॣ஢, 뢠
          ।  ࠢ  (. .11).
             
             OF (Overflow Flag)  - 䫠 ९.  䬥
          ᪮  ९,  .. ७ / 襣 (
          )    䬥᪨ .
              ⢥ ਬ:   CMP ࠢ   ࠭
             䫠 AF,  CF, OF, PF, SF, ZF. , 
          室 ஢   䫠  ⤥쭮.  ᫥-
          饬  ਬ ஢ ᮤন    ॣ BX 㫥
          祭:
             
                         CMP  BX,00          ;ࠢ BX  㫥
                         JZ   B50            ;室  B50 ᫨ 
                         .    (⢨  㫥)
                         .
               B50:      ...                 ;窠 室  BX=0
          
          ᫨ BX ᮤন 㫥 祭,  CMP ⠭
          䫠  ZF  筮 ﭨ,    (
          )  㣨 䫠.  JZ (嫤 ᫨ ) ஢
          ⮫쪮 䫠  ZF.    筮  祭  ZF, 饥
          㫥  ਧ,    ।  ࠢ    ,
          㪠   ࠭, ..   B50.
          
            
          ------------------------------------------------------------
          
              ।  ਬ  뫮  ,    LOOP
          㬥蠥   ᮤন ॣ CX  ஢ :
          ᫨  ,  ࠢ ।  , 㪠
           ࠭.    ࠧ,  । ࠢ  
          ⭮   ﭨ.   ᥬ   ন  讥
          ⢮   ᫮  室,  ⢫
          । ࠢ    ᨬ    ﭨ 䫠
          ॣ.  ਬ,   ࠢ  ᮤন   
          ᫥騩 室   祭 䫠.
              LOOP  ணࠬ  .7.2    
          :    㬥蠥 ᮤন  ॣ  CX,  㣠
          믮 ᫮ 室:
             
             ᯮ짮 LOOP    ᯮ짮 ᫮ 室
             
                    LOOP A20                 DEC  CX
                                             JNZ  A20
            DEC    JNZ     筮    LOOP:
          㬥 ᮤন ॣ CX  1  믮 室 
            A20,  ᫨   CX    .    DEC  ஬ ⮣
          ⠭ 䫠    䫠 ॣ   ﭨ 0
           1.   JNZ ⥬ ஢  ⠭.  ᬮ
          ७ ਬ  LOOP    祭 ᯮ
          ,   䥪⨢, 祬  : DEC  JNZ.

          
          ᥬ  IBM PC.  7                            138


             筮    JMP  LOOP  ࠭     JNZ
          cন  祭  ﭨ   殬    JNZ 
          ᮬ  A20,  ஥ ਡ    㪠⥫.
           ﭨ    ।  -128   +127 .
           砥 室   ࠭ ᥬ  뤠 ᮮ饭
          "Relative jump out of range"  (ॢ襭 ⭮⥫ ࠭
           室).
             
                .
             
             ᬠਢ 祭  ᫮ 室 ᫥
          ᭨ ࠪ  ᯮ짮.   ,  
           믮 䬥᪨ 樨   樨 ࠢ
          ।     짮: 묨 
          묨.    ᯮ     
          ;  ࠪ  ਬ஬    ᨬ ப:
          ,    ࠫ ᫠.     ᠬ
            ।⠢ ᮡ ,  祬 ᫨  祭
          ࠢ  ,   ᫮  ⥫쭮,    ᫨  , 
          ⥫쭮.    ᫮  祭      
          ⥫묨 ⠪  ⥫묨.
              ⢥ ਬ ।,   ॣ  AX ᮤন
          11000110,  BX - 00010110. 
             
                                   CMP  AX,BX
             
          ࠢ  ᮤন  ॣ஢  AX    BX.   ᫨  
          ,   祭  AX ,   ᫨  - 
          .
             
             室   .
             
                ᠭ                 ஢塞 䫠
          
          JE/JZ     室, ᫨ ࠢ/                ZF
          JNE/JNZ   室, ᫨  ࠢ/           ZF
          JA/JNBE   室, ᫨ /   ࠢ    ZF,CF
          JAE/JNB   室, ᫨   ࠢ/     CF
          JB/JNAE   室, ᫨ /   ࠢ    CF
          JBE/JNA   室, ᫨   ࠢ/     CF,AF
          
              ஢  ஢     
            .  ਬ,  JB  JNAE       
          ꥪ ,   ⥫ ஢ JB  ,
          祬 ⥫ JNAE.
             
             室뤫  
             
                ᠭ                 ஢塞 䫠
          
          JE/JZ     室, ᫨ ࠢ/                  ZF
          JNE/JNZ   室, ᫨  ࠢ/             ZF
          JG/JNLE   室, ᫨ /   ࠢ  ZF,SF,OF

          
          ᥬ  IBM PC.  7                            139


          JGE/JNL   室, ᫨   ࠢ/      SF,OF
          JL/JNGE   室, ᫨ /   ࠢ     SF,OF
          JLE/JNG   室, ᫨   ࠢ/   ZF,SF,OF
          
              室  ᫮ ࠢ   (JE/JZ)   
          ࠢ       (JNE/JNZ)     ᯨ᪠
                  . ﭨ  ࠢ/
          ந室  ᨬ   .
             
             樠률䬥᪨஢ન
             
                ᠭ                 ஢塞 䫠
          
               JS   室, ᫨   (⥫쭮)       SF
               JNS  室, ᫨  (⥫쭮)        SF
               JC   室, ᫨  ७ (筮 JB)   CF
               JNC  室, ᫨  ७                   CF
               JO   室, ᫨  ९              OF
               JNO  室, ᫨  ९               OF
               JP/JPE 室, ᫨                 PF
               JNP/JP 室, ᫨               PF
          
                  ᫮ 室  ஢ ࠢ 
          ᮤন  ॣ  CX  .      易⥫쭮
           pᯮ ।⢥    䬥⨪
            ࠢ.         JCXZ  
          砫  横,     ஢  ᮤন    ॣ CX
          㫥 祭.
              ᯥ  稢   . 
          ⮫쪮,        室  
            ࠢ,     ,       -  ࠢ,
            .  室   ஢ઠ  䫠 ७,
          ९      ᮡ 祭. ᥬ
          ࠭᫨  ᪨    ꥪ   ᨬ
           ⮣,       ਬ. , 
          JAE   JGE      묨,  ஢ ࠧ
          䫠.
             
             
          
           
          ------------------------------------------------------------
          
                ᭮ ४樨   ᠭ ᥬ
           ணࠬ:
             
          1.   ⪮ ।⠢ ᥡ ,    
               ணࠬ
          
          2.     ᪨          ᯫ
                 ணࠬ. ਬ, ᫨ 室 ஢
                樨 p뫪 ᪮쪨   (  ਬ
                .7.5), 筨 c ।    뫠
                 묨.  ⥬ ᯫ     ⥣  
               樠樨,  ᫮  室       LOOP.
               ਢ  ᭮  ,    ᯮ 
               ணࠬ  ⠪ 砥:
                    樠 ⥪  ᥣ ॣ஢
                    맮 ணࠬ 横
                    
               ணࠬ 横   ᯫ஢ ᫥騬
               ࠧ:
                         樠 ॣ஢ 祭ﬨ ᮢ

          
          ᥬ  IBM PC.  7                            149


                          ᫠ 横
               ⪠:    뫪  
                         㢥祭 ᮢ  1
                         㬥襭 稪  1:
                              ᫨ 稪  ,    
                              ᫨ , 
          
          3.   ।⠢ ணࠬ   ᪨  , ᫥
                  㣮.  楤  ॢ騥  25 ப
               (ࠧ ࠭) 㤮  ⫠.
          
          4.    ⮢묨 ਬࠬ ணࠬ. ⪨ 
                 孨᪨ ⠫   ணࠬ஢ ᫮
               ணࠬ " "    ਢ   ᫥
               訡.
          
          5.   ᯮ ਨ  ᠭ  ⮣,   
                 楤,    䬥᪨  ⢨ 
               樨 ࠢ  믮    ।
               ᯮ㥬  .   (ਬ,    XLAT,  
                ࠭).
          
          6.    ஢ ணࠬ ᯮ ⮢ ணࠬ
               , ᪮஢  䠩   .
          
               ᫥  ணࠬ        
          ᯮ짮   LEA,    ॣ஢  SI   DI,
          뢠  楤.   稢  ⥯      
          ᥬ,   ३      ࠧ⮬   
          ணࠬ஢.
             
             
          ------------------------------------------------------------
          
              ⪨ 楤 (ਬ, B20:)   
               稥   㪠  ⨯  NEAR.  ⢨ 
               ਢ  ᥬ୮ 訡.
          
              ⪨      ᫮  室    LOOP 
                 ࠭  -128    +127  .  ࠭ ⠪
                    ꥪ⭮  . . 
               01   7F  ᮮ⢥  祭   +1 
               +127,   .   FF  80 뢠 祭  -1 
               +128.    設     1 
               4  ,   ᮡ ࠭    . ࠪ᪨
                ਥ஢  ࠧ    ࠭ 室
               ⥪ (ਬ୮ 50 ப).
          
               ᯮ짮  LOOP, 樠 ॣ
               CX  ⥫  ᫮.    LOOP  ஫
               ⮫쪮  㫥 祭,    ⥫쭮 ணࠬ
               㤥 த 横.
          

          
          ᥬ  IBM PC.  7                            150


              ᫨    ⠭  䫠,   
               䫠 ࠭  祭,  㣠   
               .  ਬ,  ᫨    䬥᪮ ,
                ⠭ 䫠,  ᫥    MOV, 
                      䫠. ,  樨 ᫠
                訡,  c ஢  ᫮
               室 ।⢥  ᫥ , ⠭
               ஢塞 䫠.
          
              롨ࠩ    ᫮  室  ᮮ⢥⢥
                 묨  묨 묨.
          
          
            
          ------------------------------------------------------------
          
          7.1.    ᨬ쭮 ⢮    
                  p⪨ JMP,  LOOP  ⭮⥫ 室? 
                 設  ࠭  ⮬ ?
          7.2.     JMP  稭    .  0624. ।
                  室, ᫨ . ꥪ   ࠭
                  JMP: ) 27, ) 6B, ) C6.
          7.3.     ணࠬ ᫥ 12  ᥫ : 1,
                 1,   2,   3,   5,   8,   13,...   (   ᫮   
                 ᫥⥫쭮  ।⠢   ᮡ  㬬  
                 । ᥫ).   ࣠樨 横 ᯮ
                  LOOP. 믮 ᥬ஢,  
                   ⫠稪 DEBUG ஢ ணࠬ.



          
          ᥬ  IBM PC.  7                            151


          7.4.   ।,   ॣ AX   BX ᮤঠ 
                 ,  a CX  DX -  . । 
                 CMP ( 室)    ᫮ 室
                  ᫥ ஢ப:
                 ) 祭  DX , 祬  CX?
                 ) 祭  BX , 祬  AX?
                 ) CX ᮤন ?
                 ) 뫮  ९?
                 ) 祭  BX ࠢ  , 祬  AX?
                 ) 祭  DX ࠢ  , 祬  CX?
          7.5.     䫠  ᫥騥 ᮡ  
                 祭  䫠?
                 a) ந諮 ९;
                 ) १ ⥫;
                 ) १ 㫥;
                 ) ࠡ⪠  蠣 ०;
                 ) ।    ࠢ .
          7.6.    ந  믮 ணࠬ , ਢ
                    .7.4,    ᫨      楤   BEGIN   㤥
                 ⢮  RET?
          7.7.     ࠧ   ஢    ४⨢ PROC
                 p  ⨯ FAR   ⨯ NEAR?
          7.8.     ࠧ    ணࠬ     믮
                 楤?
          7.9.     EXE-ணࠬ  楤  A10  뢠  B10,  B10
                 뢠 C10,   C10  뢠 D10.  쪮 ᮢ,
                 ஬  砫  ᮢ      DOS, ᮤন
                 ⥪?
          7.10.  । ,  ॣ BL ᮤন 11100011  
                   BOONO ᮤন 01111001. । 
                     ॣ  BL    ᫥  :  ) XOR
                 BL,BOONO;  )  AND BL,BOONO;  ) OR  BL,BOONO; ) XOR
                 BL,11111111B; ) AND BL,00000000B.
          7.11.    ணࠬ   .7.6  :  ) ।
                 ᮤন TITLEX 묨 㪢; ) ८ࠧ
                   㪢    .
          7.12.  ।,     ॣ   DX   ᮤন  10111001
                 10111001,    p CL -  03. । ᮤন
                 ॣ  DX  ᫥ ᫥ 易  : )
                 SHR DX,1;  )  SHR DX,CL;  ) SHL DX,CL; ) SHL DL,1;
                 ) ROR DX,CL; ) ROR DL,CL; ) SAL DH,1.
          7.13.  ᯮ    ᤢ,   뫪    ᫮,
                 㬭 ᮤন  ॣ  AX   10.
          7.14.  ਬ ணࠬ,  ਢ   ࠧ "ᤢ
                    横᪨  ᤢ",   㬭  ᮤন  
                 ॣ஢  DX:AX   2.    ணࠬ  : )
                 㬭  4;  )   4; ) 㬭 48 
                  ॣ DX:AX:BX  2.






          
